Novus Ordo

In Brief

The Novus Ordo is the Roman Rite in the Missal of Paul VI, promulgated on 3 April 1969 and in force from 30 November, the First Sunday of Advent.¹ Its typical editions, the official Latin texts, are those of 1970, 1975 and 2000, the last reprinted with emendations in 2008.^2,3,4,5 It is celebrated in Latin or in translation, and the priest says the Eucharistic Prayer aloud, choosing among the four its Order of Mass gives.^6,7 Paul VI said in 1976 that the new Order was promulgated to take the place of the old ("ut in locum veteris substitueretur"; our translation), and since 2021 the law has named its books "the unique expression of the lex orandi of the Roman Rite", the rite's rule of prayer.^8,9

Where to Experience It

Most parishes of the Latin Church celebrate the Missal of Paul VI in the translations their bishops' conferences approve. Some celebrate it in Latin.^2,9,12 The Interactive Missal carries this Missal's Order of Mass, with today's readings and its calendar.

Your First Visit

The prayers the priest says for all are said aloud.⁶ The General Instruction sets the people's postures, and each bishops' conference may adapt them. All stand for the Gospel. In the United States they kneel from after the Sanctus until after the Amen of the Eucharistic Prayer, unless prevented, and again after the Agnus Dei unless the diocesan bishop decides otherwise. Elsewhere, follow those around you.⁶ Give the sign of peace soberly, to those nearest.⁶

The faithful receive kneeling or standing, as the conference decides, and no one may be refused Communion for either. In the United States the norm is standing.^6,17 Each communicant "always has the right" to receive on the tongue. Communion in the hand is allowed only where the conference has permission, and not where there is a risk of profanation.¹⁷ Where the chalice is offered, a communicant may receive under the form of bread alone.⁶

Catholic ministers give Communion lawfully to Catholics alone, save in the cases the law sets out.¹⁶ A Catholic not barred by law may receive after fasting for at least an hour, water and medicine excepted. Anyone conscious of grave sin confesses first, unless there is a grave reason and no chance to confess.¹⁶ Mass "in a Catholic rite", on the Sunday or the evening before, fulfils the Sunday obligation.¹⁶ Current law does not require a head covering. The Code of 1917 required it of women.^16,22

The Shape of the Liturgy

The order below is that of the Missal as printed in 1970; the Roman Rite page sets it beside the Missal of 1962.⁷ The Missal also prints an Order of Mass without a congregation. In it one minister makes the responses.⁷ The General Instruction ranks first the Mass at which the bishop presides with his clergy, and next the Mass with a community, above all the parish on Sunday.⁶ A priest may celebrate with one minister, and, for a just and reasonable cause, with no minister or congregation at all.⁶ Concelebration, in which several priests celebrate one Mass together, is prescribed at the ordination of a bishop and of priests, at the blessing of an abbot and at the Chrism Mass. It is recommended at the evening Mass of Holy Thursday, at councils, synods and meetings of bishops, at conventual and principal Masses, and whenever priests gather.⁶

The order of Mass in the Missal of Paul VI (typical edition of 1970)

1. Entrance
   Cantus ad introitum
   The priest and ministers go to the altar during the entrance chant; he kisses the altar and may incense it.⁷
2. Sign of the cross and greeting
   In nómine Patris · Dóminus vobíscum
   All stand and sign themselves; the priest, facing the people, greets them, and they answer Et cum spiritu tuo.⁷
3. Penitential act
   Fratres, agnoscámus peccáta nostra · Confíteor
   The priest, a deacon or another minister may first introduce the Mass in a few words. After a pause for silence, all say the Confiteor or use one of two other forms printed in the Appendix, and the priest says the prayer of absolution.⁷
4. Sprinkling with holy water
   Ordo ad faciendam et aspergendam aquam benedictam
   At Sunday Masses, including those anticipated on Saturday evening, the blessing and sprinkling of water may take the place of the penitential act.⁷
5. Kyrie
   Kýrie, eléison
   Six invocations, unless the form of penitential act used has already included them.⁷
6. Gloria
   Glória in excélsis Deo
   Sung or said when it is prescribed.⁷
7. Collect
   Orémus
   All pray for a while in silence; then the collect, to which the people answer Amen.⁷
8. First reading
   Verbum Dómini · Deo grátias
   Read by a lector at the ambo while all sit.⁷
9. Responsorial psalm
   Psalmus responsorius
   The psalmist or cantor sings the psalm, the people answering with the response.^7,21
10. Second reading
    Verbum Dómini
    On Sundays and solemnities.^7,21
11. Gospel acclamation
    Allelúia
    The Alleluia, or another chant.⁷
12. Gospel
    Léctio sancti Evangélii · Glória tibi, Dómine
    The deacon asks a blessing, or the priest says Munda cor meum quietly; the Gospel is proclaimed, and the book is kissed, with the words Per evangelica dicta.⁷
13. Homily
    Homilia
    To be given on all Sundays and holy days of obligation; commended on other days.⁷
14. Creed
    Credo in unum Deum
    When it is prescribed; all bow at Et incarnatus est. The third edition also gives the Apostles' Creed, Credo in Deum.^7,23
15. Prayer of the faithful
    Oratio universalis
    Intentions for the Church, for public authorities and the world, for those in need, and for the local community.^6,7
16. Preparation of the gifts
    Benedíctus es, Dómine, Deus univérsi
    The bread and wine are placed on the altar with blessings said quietly, or aloud if there is no singing; the priest washes his hands.⁷
17. Prayer over the offerings
    Oráte, fratres · Suscípiat Dóminus
    The people answer Suscipiat Dominus; the priest says the prayer over the offerings.⁷
18. Preface and Sanctus
    Sursum corda · Sanctus
    The dialogue and the preface; priest and people sing or say the Sanctus together.⁷
19. Eucharistic Prayer
    Te ígitur (I) · Vere Sanctus (II, III) · Confitémur tibi (IV)
    One of four prayers, said aloud, each with the account of the institution, the acclamation after Mysterium fidei, the doxology and the Amen.^6,7
20. Lord's Prayer
    Pater noster · Líbera nos
    Said or sung by all; the priest alone says the prayer that follows it, Libera nos, and the people answer Quia tuum est regnum.⁷
21. Sign of peace
    Pax Dómini sit semper vobíscum
    After the prayer for peace, the people may exchange a sign of peace in the manner local custom sets.^6,7
22. Fraction and Agnus Dei
    Agnus Dei
    The priest breaks the host and places a particle in the chalice, saying Haec commixtio quietly, while the Agnus Dei is sung.⁷
23. Communion
    Ecce Agnus Dei · Dómine, non sum dignus · Corpus Christi
    The priest shows the host; all say Domine, non sum dignus once. He receives, then gives Communion, each communicant answering Amen.⁷
24. Prayer after Communion
    Quod ore súmpsimus
    The vessels are purified; there may be silence or a hymn of praise, then the prayer after Communion.⁷
25. Blessing and dismissal
    Benedícat vos · Ite, missa est
    Announcements if any, the blessing, and the dismissal. Since 2008 three other formulas may be used, among them Ite, ad Evangelium Domini annuntiandum.^5,7,23

What makes it distinctive

• Four Eucharistic Prayers in the Order of Mass: the Roman Canon, and three written for the reform and published in 1968.^7,13
• The Eucharistic Prayer said aloud, with an acclamation of the people after the consecration.^6,7
• Three readings on Sundays, from a lectionary that runs over three years.²¹
• The prayer of the faithful, before the preparation of the gifts.^6,7
• Choices within the rite: three forms of penitential act or the sprinkling of water, and several dismissals.^7,23
• A Latin book, celebrated in many languages: the typical editions are Latin, and the bishops' conferences prepare the translations.^2,12

History

The Eucharistic Prayers of 1968

On 23 May 1968 the Congregation of Rites published three new Eucharistic Prayers, with new prefaces, for use in every church of the Latin rite from 15 August. Many bishops and faithful, the decree said, had wished the Latin Church to have other Eucharistic Prayers "praeter traditum ac venerabilem Canonem Romanum, in usu sane manentem" (besides the handed-down and venerable Roman Canon, which of course remains in use; our translation). The Consilium, the commission Paul VI had set up in 1964 to carry out the Council's constitution on the liturgy, had prepared them at his mandate.^13,24

In its catechesis on the new prayers the Consilium explained why Rome should have more than one. A single anaphora, or eucharistic prayer, "ne peut contenir toute la richesse pastorale, spirituelle et théologique souhaitable" (cannot hold all the pastoral, spiritual and theological richness one could wish; our translation), and every Church but Rome's had always had several.²⁵ It also named its models. Eucharistic Prayer II, it wrote, takes its style and many expressions from the anaphora it attributed to Hippolytus ("l'anaphore d'Hippolyte"; our translation). Eucharistic Prayer IV follows the Antiochene tradition, telling the whole history of salvation before the account of the Last Supper, and so has a fixed preface.²⁵ The catechesis names no single anaphora as that prayer's model. It nowhere names St Basil.²⁵ The same year the new rite for ordaining a bishop took its consecratory prayer from the Apostolic Tradition, a different text from Eucharistic Prayer II.²⁶

The books of 1969 and Communion in the hand

Paul VI approved the new General Roman Calendar and its norms on 14 February 1969, to take effect on 1 January 1970.¹⁵ The calendar ranks days as solemnities, feasts and memorials, and keeps octaves only for Easter and Christmas. The Sundays of Advent, Lent and Easter take precedence over every feast of the Lord and every solemnity.⁷ The Missal followed on 3 April.¹ The Lectionary was promulgated on 25 May, in force, like the Missal, from the First Sunday of Advent.²¹

On 29 May the instruction Memoriale Domini reported a consultation of the bishops of the Latin Church on Communion in the hand. Asked whether it should be allowed beside the received manner, 567 bishops said yes, 1,233 said no, and 315 said yes with reservations. The Pope judged that the long-received manner of giving Communion should not be changed, but where Communion in the hand had already spread, a conference could ask the Holy See's leave by a two-thirds secret vote.²⁷

The critique of 1969 and the edition of 1970

On 25 September 1969 Cardinals Alfredo Ottaviani and Antonio Bacci sent Paul VI a critical study of the new Order of Mass. Their letter called it "a striking departure from the Catholic theology of the Mass" as the Council of Trent had formulated it, and the study held that article 7 of the General Instruction limited the definition of the Mass "to that of a 'supper'".²⁸ That article had begun "Cena dominica sive Missa est sacra synaxis seu congregatio populi Dei in unum convenientis, sacerdote praeside, ad memoriale Domini celebrandum" (the Lord's Supper, or Mass, is the sacred synaxis, or assembly, of the people of God gathered together, with a priest presiding, to celebrate the memorial of the Lord; our translation).²⁹

On 18 November the Congregation for Divine Worship declared that the Instruction, though it faithfully took up the doctrinal principles of the Council's constitution on the liturgy and of two later documents, was to be regarded not as a doctrinal or dogmatic document but as a pastoral and ritual instruction ("censenda non est documentum doctrinale seu dogmaticum, sed instructio pastoralis atque ritualis"; our translation). If any expressions needed to be made clearer for pastoral and catechetical understanding and for precision in the rubrics, it said, the Holy See would see to it in the typical edition. The note with which the Congregation's journal, Notitiae, printed the declaration said that careful study had shown the doubts about the Instruction's doctrine to be wholly without foundation ("omni fundamento prorsus carere"; our translation).³⁰

On 26 March 1970 the Congregation declared the new Missal typical, its Latin edition usable at once, and left the vernacular editions to the conferences, for the Holy See to confirm.² The General Instruction printed in it was revised. The Congregation said that no doctrinal error had been found ("nec ullus deprehensus est error doctrinalis"; our translation), but that the text had been completed or rewritten in places to make some expressions clearer.³¹ Article 7, it said, was entirely remade ("totus refectus est"; our translation) so that the truths bearing directly on the eucharistic mystery, which revelation, tradition and the magisterium have always proposed, might appear more clearly ("ut clarius appareant illae veritates"; our translation): the truth of the sacrifice, the sacramental nature of the ministerial priesthood, and the real presence. The article, it added, does not intend to give the complete doctrinal definition of the Mass ("integram definitionem doctrinalem Missae colligere non intendit"; our translation).³¹ It now speaks of the priest "personamque Christi gerente" (acting in the person of Christ; our translation), of the memorial of the Lord "seu sacrificium eucharisticum" (that is, the eucharistic sacrifice; our translation), and of Christ present "substantialiter et continenter" (substantially and continuously; our translation) under the eucharistic species. A merely commemorative or symbolic representation, the Congregation concluded, "omnino excluditur" (is altogether excluded; our translation).³¹

Later editions

In 1974 Paul VI approved Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with children and Eucharistic Prayers for Reconciliation, for a trial of three years. They were not to be put into the official editions of the Roman Missal ("in editiones officiales Missalis Romani inseri nequeunt"; our translation).³² The second typical edition, of 27 March 1975, was made because the Missal had to be reprinted. It brought the book into line with documents issued since 1970, describing the offices of acolyte and lector in place of the subdeacon and adding new Masses.³ A Eucharistic Prayer first approved in 1974 for the synod of the Swiss dioceses was given a typical Latin text in 1991, for use with the Masses for various needs.¹⁴

John Paul II promulgated the third typical edition on 20 April 2000, Holy Thursday. It was printed in 2002.⁴ In 2008 it was reprinted with emendations, not as a new typical edition. A decree of 8 June 2008 ordered optional dismissals beside Ite, missa est, and the reprint gives three, among them "Ite, ad Evangelium Domini annuntiandum" (go, to announce the Gospel of the Lord; our translation). The decree also took the Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with children out of the Latin edition, to be printed outside the Missal.^5,23

The vernacular

In January 1969 the Consilium sent the bishops' conferences Comme le prévoit, its instruction on translating liturgical texts. It held that rendering the literal content of a text was not enough: a translation must communicate to a people, in its own language, what the Church meant to communicate by the original, and sometimes the unit of meaning is the whole sentence rather than the word.³³ The instruction of 2001, Liturgiam authenticam, asked that the original be translated "integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions".³⁴ How the two approaches are judged is set out under Disputed Questions. The Rite Today says who approves translations now.

Milestones

1. 1968Three new Eucharistic Prayers approved, for use from 15 August¹³
2. 1969The General Roman Calendar (14 February); Missale Romanum (3 April); the Lectionary (25 May); all in force by 1 January 1970^1,15,21
3. 1969Memoriale Domini keeps the received manner of Communion, and lets conferences where Communion in the hand has already spread ask leave for it²⁷
4. 1969Cardinals Ottaviani and Bacci send Paul VI a critical study of the new Order (25 September); the Congregation declares its General Instruction a pastoral and ritual instruction, not a doctrinal document (18 November)^28,30
5. 1970The typical edition (26 March), with article 7 of the General Instruction rewritten^2,31
6. 1974Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with children and for Reconciliation approved for a trial of three years³²
7. 1975The second typical edition (27 March)³
8. 2000John Paul II promulgates the third typical edition (20 April); it is printed in 2002⁴
9. 2001Liturgiam authenticam on translation³⁴
10. 2008An emended reprint, by decree of 8 June: new dismissals, and the Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with children printed outside the Missal⁵
11. 2017Magnum principium gives the conferences the approval of translations, which the Holy See confirms¹²
12. 2021Traditionis custodes on the books of Paul VI and John Paul II as the law now stands⁹

Texts & Books

The Order of Mass gives four Eucharistic Prayers. Others were approved later for particular Masses, and the table below gives each with its approving act.^7,14,32 The Lectionary gives Sundays and solemnities three readings: from the Old Testament, from the Apostle (the Epistles or Revelation), and from the Gospel. In Eastertide the Acts of the Apostles takes the place of the Old Testament.^6,21 The Sunday cycle runs over three years, the years of Matthew, Mark and Luke, so that the same readings return once every three years.²¹ On the weekdays of Ordinary Time the Gospels repeat each year and the first reading runs over two years, Year I in odd-numbered years. The weekdays of the seasons repeat each year.²¹ The responsorial psalm is "pars integralis liturgiae verbi" (an integral part of the liturgy of the word; our translation).²¹

Theology & Spirit

The General Instruction's preamble presents this Missal as a witness to the Church's faith. It states that the sacrificial nature of the Mass, asserted at Trent, "was reaffirmed by the Second Vatican Council", and that in this Missal the Church's lex orandi, her rule of prayer, "corresponds to her perennial rule of belief".⁶ Article 7, as rewritten in 1970, calls the memorial of the Lord the eucharistic sacrifice, and the Congregation said that its wording excludes a merely symbolic memorial.³¹ Disputed Questions sets these texts beside the criticism made of the new Order in 1969.

The reform gave its own reasons for the offertory, which the General Instruction calls the preparation of the gifts.⁶ Notitiae, presenting the new Order in 1969, said that this part, "mai toccato nelle precedenti riforme" (never touched in the earlier reforms; our translation), had been reordered to answer better to its true meaning. The formulas said as the bread and wine are placed on the altar were changed "in modo da non anticipare la vera offerta del sacrificio, che sarà fatta nel Canone" (so as not to anticipate the true offering of the sacrifice, which will be made in the Canon; our translation), and in their place came forms of blessing traditional in the Bible, which bring out God's creative action and man's share in offering the elements that will serve for the sacrifice.³⁸ The study sent by Cardinals Ottaviani and Bacci objected that, with the prayer Suscipe, sancta Trinitas, the sacrifice's end of praise to the Trinity had "disappeared from the Offertory", and that the "explicit mention of the object of the offering, which was found in the Suscipe, has not been replaced by anything".²⁸

The new Eucharistic Prayers, the Consilium wrote, gather their intercessions after the Antiochene example, yet "restent néanmoins de style romain" (remain nonetheless Roman in style; our translation). They do so above all by placing the consecratory epiclesis, the prayer that the Father make the gifts the Body and Blood of Christ, before the account of the institution.²⁵

Sacred Arts

Chant

In 1972 the Congregation issued the Ordo cantus Missae, which arranges the Gregorian chants of the Mass to fit the new books, for all who celebrate in Latin.¹⁹ The Abbey of Solesmes published the Graduale Romanum on that plan in 1974, as Dom Eugène Cardine reported in Notitiae.²⁰ The Council gave the vernacular "a suitable place" in Masses celebrated with the people. It also asked that the faithful still be able to say or sing together in Latin their parts of the Ordinary, the texts that do not change from day to day.¹⁸ The General Instruction repeats the request for at least some of those parts.⁶

The altar and silence

The General Instruction asks that the altar be built apart from the wall, so that it can be walked around and Mass celebrated at it facing the people, "which is desirable wherever possible".⁶ Which way the priest should face is disputed. The Roman Rite page takes up that question. Silence has set places in the rite: in the penitential act, after the invitation to pray, after a reading or the homily, and after Communion.⁶

Family & Relations

In this Index's terms the Novus Ordo is one of the Roman Rite's own Missals, not a use of it, in the older sense of a local or religious-order variant of a rite. Summorum Pontificum used "usus" differently, of this Missal and that of 1962; the Roman Rite page explains both senses.⁴¹ Benedict XVI's letter of 2007 called it "the ordinary Form of the Roman Rite".⁴² It is also known as the Mass of Paul VI.

Two uses of the Roman Rite depend on this Missal. The Zaire Use, approved in 1988, adapts its Order of Mass for the dioceses of Zaire. Divine Worship, the Missal of the Personal Ordinariates, prints its General Instruction.^39,40 Its sibling is the Vetus Ordo.

Compare with

• Vetus Ordo: the Roman Rite in the Missal of 1962; the Roman Rite page sets the two side by side in "What changed in 1969"¹
• Zaire Use: the Order of Mass of this Missal adapted for the dioceses of Zaire, approved in 1988 with "the substantial unity of the Roman Rite" kept (our translation)³⁹
• Divine Worship: the Ordinariates' Missal, which prints the General Instruction of this Missal in its front matter⁴⁰

The Rite Today

As of 16 September 2026 the law of 2021 quoted under In Brief stands.⁹ Writing to Cardinal Roche on 29 June 2026, Leo XIV stressed "the need for fidelity to the approved texts and instructions". He recalled that he had drawn attention to the respect that priests in particular must show "toward the rites promulgated by Pope Saint Paul VI and Pope Saint John Paul II".⁴³

In July 2016 Cardinal Robert Sarah, then Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship, asked priests to face east, or at least toward the apse, in the parts of the Mass addressed to God. He suggested beginning that Advent, and called the practice "perfectly legitimate in the modern rite".⁴⁴ The Holy See Press Office said that he had "always been rightly concerned about the dignity of the celebration of Mass". It added that no new liturgical directives were expected from Advent, "as some have incorrectly inferred from some of Cardinal Sarah's words", and that it was better to avoid the expression "reform of the reform". All this, it said, had been "unanimously expressed" at an audience the Pope had given the Cardinal.⁴⁵

The Holy See's published presentation of its statistics gives no count of the Catholics who worship by this Missal. For 2024 it gives just over 1,422 million Catholics, about 17.8 per cent of the world's population, with no figure for the Latin Church.¹¹

Translation has been a shared task since 2017. Under canon 838 it is for the Apostolic See to "recognise adaptations" the conferences approve, and for the conferences to approve and publish the books in their languages "after the confirmation of the Apostolic See".¹² Translations therefore differ by country. In the United States the General Instruction carries adaptations confirmed on 17 March 2003, among them the postures given under Your First Visit.^6,46

As of 16 September 2026.

Disputed Questions

Go Deeper

On Domus Dei

• The Roman RiteThe rite from the fourth century, the lineage of its Missals, what changed in 1969, and our view
• Sacrosanctum Concilium
• The Consilium
• The 1967 Synod and the normative Mass
• Eucharistic Prayer II
• The Novus Ordo Missae is promulgated
• The Ottaviani Intervention
• Cardinal Ratzinger's critiques

Official resources

• Missale Romanum (1969), the apostolic constitution
• General Instruction of the Roman Missal (USCCB)
• Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

Recommended reading

• Missale Romanum ex decreto Sacrosancti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum, auctoritate Pauli PP. VI promulgatum (editio typica 1970), Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1970.The Missal itself in its first typical edition, with the General Instruction and the calendar's norms in its front matter Read online
• Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, General Instruction of the Roman Missal (third typical edition; English translation), United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.The General Instruction of the third edition, in the English confirmed for the United States Read online
• Ordo lectionum Missae (editio typica altera), Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1981.The Lectionary, whose Praenotanda explain the cycles of readings Read online
• Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de sacra Liturgia, “Catechesis on the new Eucharistic Prayers”, Notitiae 4 (1968), 1968, pp. 148-155.The Consilium's own account of the new Eucharistic Prayers, their shape and their sources Read online
• Ottaviani, Alfredo, and Antonio Bacci, Cardinals, Letter to Paul VI (25 September 1969), with A Brief Critical Study of the New Order of Mass, 1969.The cardinals' letter and critical study of 1969 Read online
• Paul VI, Udienza generale, 19 novembre 1969.Paul VI's explanation of the new Order to the faithful as it came into force Read online
• Bugnini, Annibale, The Reform of the Liturgy 1948-1975, tr. Matthew J. O'Connell, Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1990.The reform as told by the Consilium's secretary Read online
• Jungmann, Josef A., The Mass of the Roman Rite: Its Origins and Development (Missarum Sollemnia), tr. Francis A. Brunner, 2 vols., New York: Benziger, 1951–1955.The standard history of every part of the Roman Mass, written before the reform Read online
• Vagaggini, Cipriano, The Canon of the Mass and Liturgical Reform, Staten Island, NY: Alba House, 1967.A Consilium relator's case, in 1967, for new Eucharistic Prayers beside the Roman Canon
• Pristas, Lauren, “The Orations of the Vatican II Missal: Policies for Revision”, Communio: International Catholic Review, 2003, vol. 30, pp. 621-653.How the Consilium revised the orations it kept Read online
• Ratzinger, Joseph, Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977, tr. Erasmo Leiva-Merikakis, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1998.Ratzinger's memoir, with his judgment of how the new Missal was presented Read online
• Gamber, Klaus, The Reform of the Roman Liturgy: Its Problems and Background, San Juan Capistrano: Una Voce Press; Harrison, NY: Foundation for Catholic Reform, 1993.Gamber's case against what he called a "Modern Rite" Read online

Sources

1. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, Missale Romanum: Apostolic Constitution on the New Roman Missal, 1969. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · read on vatican.va (given at Rome, Holy Thursday, 3 April 1969): promulgation of the new Missal, effective the First Sunday of Advent (30 Nov 1969); SC as the basis of the revision. Re-read 14 Sep 2026 in English and Latin for the Eucharistic Prayer: 'The major innovation concerns the Eucharistic Prayer … we have decided to add three new Canons to this Prayer' ('tres novi Canones adderentur statuimus'; vatican.va's Latin prints the typo 'stauiimus')
2. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “Celebrationis eucharisticae (decree declaring the new edition of the Roman Missal typical, 26 March 1970)”, Acta Apostolicae Sedis 62 (1970), 1970, p. 554, AAS 62, 554. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · AAS 62 (1970) 554, vatican.va PDF: 'Nova editio Missalis Romani promulgatur et typica declaratur'; 'permittitur ut editio latina … in usum assumi possit'; dated 26 March 1970
3. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “De editione typica altera Missalis Romani (decree Prot. N. 1970/74, 27 March 1975)”, Notitiae 11 (1975), 1975, p. 297; the Variationes at pp. 177-193, Notitiae 11, 297. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: signed Knox and Bugnini; the second edition was issued because the Missal had to be reprinted, and note 1 of the presentation at pp. 290-291 (not the decree, which has no footnote) fixes the Variationes at pp. 177-193 (the art. 7 material is at 177-178). The fascicle's multilingual SUMARIO, not pp. 290-291, carries the summary that the second edition is substantially identical to the first
4. ScholarshipBarba, Maurizio, “La genesi istituzionale dell'«Editio typica tertia» del «Missale Romanum»”, Notitiae 38 (2002), 2002, pp. 56-62, p. 56. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: the third typical edition was promulgated 20 April 2000 and published in 2002. The article opens on the unnumbered p. 56 (after LITTERAE CONGREGATIONIS 55), with running heads 57 to 62, and ends at p. 62 with Barba's signature
5. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, “Decree Prot. N. 652/08/L on the reimpressio emendata of the Missale Romanum (8 June 2008)”, Notitiae 44 (2008), 2008, pp. 175-176, Notitiae 44, 176; Notitiae 44, 175–176. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: signed Arinze and Ranjith; three changes (IGMR 149 rewritten, the Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with children removed from the Latin typical edition, and new dismissal formulas). The date 1 November 2008 is the decree's date for the IGMR 149 variation; the other two are directions for future printings and carry no date
6. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, General Instruction of the Roman Missal (third typical edition; English translation), United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, §32; §320; §322; §§160–161, 283; §299; §§43, 390; §82; §160; §284; §§112–113; §§252–254; §199; §§69–70; §69; §357; §2; §§43, 73; §41; §45; §§43, 160; §161. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read on usccb.org: §41 ('Gregorian chant holds pride of place because it is proper to the Roman Liturgy'); §69; §119; §§281-283; §295; §299 ('desirable wherever possible'); §357 ('three readings'); 2026-09-15: §6 ('separated by four centuries, embrace one and the same tradition'), §7 ('only very slight changes'), §157 ('With the people he adds'); 2026-09-16: §§2, 32, 43, 45, 70, 73, 82, 112–113, 160–161, 199, 252–254, 284, 320, 322, 357 and 390 read in the vatican.va English (the same translation), among them §2 ('The sacrificial nature of the Mass, solemnly asserted by the Council of Trent'), §43 ('The faithful should stand from the beginning of the Entrance chant'), §357 ('For Sundays and solemnities, three readings are assigned') and §390 ('It is up to the Conferences of Bishops to decide on the adaptations')
7. Primary textMissale Romanum ex decreto Sacrosancti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum, auctoritate Pauli PP. VI promulgatum (editio typica 1970), Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1970, Ordo Missae nn. 80, 101, 109, 117; Normae universales nn. 10, 12, pp. 101–102; Ordo Missae n. 20, p. 390; Ordo Missae nn. 1–145, pp. 385–476; Ordo Missae sine populo, pp. 479–486; Ordo Missae nn. 1–2, p. 385; Ordo Missae n. 2, p. 385; Ordo Missae n. 3, pp. 385–386; Appendix, pp. 487–489; Appendix, Ordo ad faciendam et aspergendam aquam benedictam, p. 889; Ordo Missae n. 4, p. 386; Ordo Missae n. 5, pp. 386–387; Ordo Missae n. 6, p. 387; Ordo Missae n. 7, p. 387; Ordo Missae n. 8, p. 387; Ordo Missae n. 9, p. 387; Ordo Missae n. 10, pp. 387–388; Ordo Missae nn. 11–13, pp. 388–389; Ordo Missae n. 14, p. 389; Ordo Missae n. 15, pp. 389–390; Ordo Missae n. 16, p. 390; Ordo Missae nn. 17–24, pp. 390–391; Ordo Missae nn. 25–26, p. 391; Ordo Missae nn. 27–28, pp. 391–392; Ordo Missae nn. 80, 101, 109, 117–118, pp. 447, 456, 461, 466–467; Ordo Missae nn. 125–126, p. 472; Ordo Missae nn. 127–129, p. 473; Ordo Missae nn. 130–131, p. 473; Ordo Missae nn. 132–137, pp. 474–475; Ordo Missae nn. 138–140, p. 475; Ordo Missae nn. 141–145, pp. 475–476; Normae universales nn. 5, 10, 12, pp. 101–102; Ordo Missae n. 80, p. 447; Ordo Missae n. 101, p. 456; Ordo Missae n. 109, p. 461; Ordo Missae n. 117, p. 466. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · archive.org scan, djvu OCR with page images checked: the SCDW decree of 26 Mar 1970 as the Missal prints it, carrying 'Prot. n. 166/70' (the AAS printing at 62 (1970) 554 carries no protocol number); the Normae universales de anno liturgico et de calendario; the Ordo Missae cum populo, whose text begins at p. 385 (p. 383 is the section title page and p. 384 is blank) and ends with n. 145 at p. 476, with Eucharistic Prayer IV's 'Confitémur tibi, Pater sancte' at n. 118, p. 467; the Appendix's alternative penitential acts at pp. 487-489; the Ordo Missae sine populo, pp. 479-486, with the Confiteor at p. 479; the sprinkling rite at p. 889
8. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, Allocution to the consistory of 24 May 1976, 1976. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · read in Latin on vatican.va: 'Novus Ordo promulgatus est, ut in locum veteris substitueretur', set beside the comparison with Pius V ('Haud dissimili ratione, Decessor Noster S. Pius V…')
9. Magisterial / canonicalFrancis, Traditionis custodes, 2021, art. 1. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · read on vatican.va in Latin and English: art. 1 'unica expressio' / 'the unique expression of the lex orandi of the Roman Rite'; art. 2 'exclusive competence to authorize the use of the 1962 Roman Missal in his diocese, according to the guidelines of the Apostolic See'; art. 3 §3 'the readings are proclaimed in the vernacular language'; art. 4 priests ordained after the publication of the Motu Proprio; art. 6 the institutes erected by the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei under the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies for Apostolic Life; art. 8 'Previous norms, instructions, permissions, and customs that do not conform … are abrogated'
10. Magisterial / canonicalCatholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd ed., Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1997, §1203. LinkVerified 2026-09-12 · §§460, 1105–1106, 1353, 1375, 1377 read on vatican.va; §1125 read on vatican.va; §1203 (ENG0015 __P3C) and §1367 (__P41) read on vatican.va 2026-09-15
11. ReferenceHoly See Press Office / L'Osservatore Romano, Publication of the Annuario Pontificio 2026 and the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2024, 2026. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read: 1,422 million Catholics, 17.8% of the world population, at 31 December 2024. No Latin-Church or per-Missal share appears in the Holy See's published presentation of these statistics
12. Magisterial / canonicalFrancis, Magnum principium (motu proprio amending can. 838, 3 September 2017), 2017, can. 838 §3; can. 838 §§2–3. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · EN and IT read on vatican.va, at the new can. 838 §§2-3 (recognitio and confirmatio); in force 1 October 2017. There is no Latin page on vatican.va (the _la URL returns 404, re-checked 15 Sep 2026). The preamble (EN): fidelity 'cannot always be judged by individual words but must be sought in the context of the whole communicative act', and each translation must be 'congruent with sound doctrine'
13. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation of Rites, “Decree Prot. R. 26/967 approving three new Eucharistic Prayers and eight prefaces (23 May 1968)”, Notitiae 4 (1968), 1968, pp. 156-157, Notitiae 4, 156. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: the three new Eucharistic Prayers and the new prefaces, usable from 15 August 1968. p. 156: many bishops and faithful had wished for other eucharistic prayers 'praeter traditum ac venerabilem Canonem Romanum, in usu sane manentem'
14. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, “Decree Prot. CD 511/91 promulgating the Latin typical text of the Eucharistic Prayer for Masses for Various Needs (6 August 1991)”, Notitiae 27 (1991), 1991, pp. 388-389. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · the Notitiae scan was OCR'd locally (pdftoppm + tesseract) and the OCR checked against the page images word for word; signed by Abp Ludovicus (Lajos) Kada, titular archbishop of Thibica. Notitiae 27 (1991) 373 ff. is an article, 'La Prex eucharistica nel rito romano', not the issue's index. p. 388: the text was prepared for the synod of the dioceses in Switzerland ('pro Synodo Helvetiae anno 1974 approbati'), and the Latin text is declared typical for use with the Masses for various needs
15. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, “Mysterii paschalis (motu proprio approving the General Roman Calendar, 14 February 1969)”, Acta Apostolicae Sedis 61 (1969), 1969, pp. 222-226. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read in Latin on vatican.va: 'nonnullorum Sanctorum nomina a Calendario generali sublata sunt'; in force 'a die I mensis Ianuarii … MCMLXX'
16. Magisterial / canonicalCode of Canon Law, Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1983, can. 926; can. 844 §1; cann. 912, 916, 919 §1; can. 1248 §1; can. 6 §1. LinkVerified 2026-09-12 · cann. 844, 919, 923 read on vatican.va; cann. 913–914 read 2026-09-12; can. 1248 §1 read on vatican.va 2026-09-14; cann. 6 §1, 912, 924 §§1–2 and 926 read on vatican.va 2026-09-15; can. 916 read 2026-09-16: 'A person who is conscious of grave sin is not to celebrate Mass or receive the body of the Lord without previous sacramental confession unless there is a grave reason and there is no opportunity to confess'
17. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Redemptionis sacramentum (instruction, 25 March 2004), 2004, nn. 90, 92; nn. 90–91; n. 92. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · EN and LA read on vatican.va: n. 90 quotes GIRM 160 verbatim in Latin ('Fideles communicant genuflexi vel stantes, prout Conferentia Episcoporum statuerit'), which is the only official Latin witness to that GIRM text now available; nn. 91-92 and 94 on Communion; n. 92 reads 'sacram Communionem ore accipendi' in both the vatican.va Latin and the Congregation's own printing in Notitiae 40 (2004), so quote it as printed
18. Magisterial / canonicalSecond Vatican Council, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 1963, §116; §54. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · §4 read on vatican.va 17 Sep 2026, verbatim: the Council 'declares that holy Mother Church holds all lawfully acknowledged rites to be of equal right and dignity; that she wishes to preserve them in the future and to foster them in every way', and desires that 'where necessary, the rites be revised carefully in the light of sound tradition'. §47 read on vatican.va 15 Sep 2026, verbatim: 'At the Last Supper, on the night when He was betrayed, our Saviour instituted the eucharistic sacrifice of His Body and Blood'; §23 read on vatican.va; §50 read, and re-read in Latin and English on vatican.va 14 Sep 2026: 'ritus, probe servata eorum substantia, simpliciores fiant' (the substance clause governs the simplifying); 'restituantur vero ad pristinam sanctorum Patrum normam' / 'restored to the vigor which they had in the days of the holy Fathers'; §54 and §116 read on vatican.va 16 Sep 2026: 'a suitable place may be allotted to their mother tongue'; 'The Church acknowledges Gregorian chant as specially suited to the Roman liturgy: therefore, other things being equal, it should be given pride of place in liturgical services'
19. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “Decree Prot. n. 631/72 promulgating the Ordo cantus Missae (24 June 1972)”, Notitiae 8 (1972), 1972, pp. 215-217. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read, with the Praenotanda of the Ordo cantus Missae
20. ScholarshipCardine, Eugène, OSB, “« Graduale sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae »”, Notitiae 10 (1974), 1974, pp. 404-407, p. 404. LinkVerified 2026-09-16 · Notitiae PDF (no. 100), read. The contents page ('Instauratio liturgica « Graduale sacrosanctae romanae Ecclesiae » (E. Cardine, OSB)… 404') and the signature at p. 407 that this is Cardine's signed review, not a notice of the Congregation. p. 404: the new Graduale, published by Solesmes, realizes 'le plan contenu dans l'Ordo Cantus Missae'. No decree promulgating the 1974 Graduale Romanum was found
21. Primary textOrdo lectionum Missae (editio typica altera), Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1981, Praenotanda nn. 19–22; Praenotanda nn. 65–67; the decree of 1969; Praenotanda nn. 65–67, and on Eastertide; Praenotanda n. 69; Praenotanda n. 19; Praenotanda nn. 65–69; the decrees of 1969 and 1981. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · archive.org djvu OCR, read: the decree of 25 May 1969 (Prot. n. 106/69) and the decree of 21 Jan 1981 (Prot. CD 240/81) as reprinted in it; the Praenotanda on the three-year Sunday cycle (year C is the year divisible by three), the one-year cycle of weekday gospels with a two-year first reading in the weeks 'per annum' ('Annus primus adhibetur annis imparibus'), the seasons' weekdays annual (nn. 65-69), and the responsorial psalm, 'pars integralis liturgiae verbi' (n. 19); n. 66, the Apostle 'id est aut ex Epistolis, aut ex Apocalypsi'; on Easter Day (paragraph number lost in the OCR), 'Prima lectio sumitur ex Actibus Apostolorum qui per tempus paschale pro lectione Veteris Testamenti adhibentur'
22. Magisterial / canonical“Codex Iuris Canonici (1917)”, Acta Apostolicae Sedis 9 (1917), pars II, 1917, can. 1262 §2. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · vatican.va PDF: can. 1262 §2, p. 245, read on the page image: 'mulieres autem, capite cooperto et modeste vestitae'; abrogated by the 1983 Code, can. 6 §1 1°
23. Primary textCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, “Reimpressio emendata Missalis Romani: the list of variations”, Notitiae 44 (2008), 2008, from pp. 366-367, Ordo Missae n. 19; Ordo Missae n. 144. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: at Ordo Missae n. 144 the four formulas, including 'Ite, ad Evangelium Domini annuntiandum' (annuntiandum, not the popular 'nuntiandum') and, in Eastertide, 'Ite in pace, alleluia, alleluia'; also the n. 19 (Credo in Deum) and n. 103 changes. The book notice in the same volume says the 2008 reprint is 'haud tamquam nova editio typica… sed reimpressio emendata'; its page number is not established, so none is printed
24. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, Sacram Liturgiam (motu proprio, 25 January 1964), 1964. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · vatican.va (LA), seen for the research canon: the special commission set up to carry out the Constitution on the liturgy, known from 1964 as the Consilium: 'peculiarem condimus Commissionem'
25. Magisterial / canonicalConsilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de sacra Liturgia, “Catechesis on the new Eucharistic Prayers”, Notitiae 4 (1968), 1968, pp. 148-155, p. 151; pp. 153–154; pp. 148–155; p. 153; pp. 150, 152–153. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · French text read: Eucharistic Prayer II 's'inspire de l'anaphore d'Hippolyte'; Prayer IV follows 'la tradition antiochienne', and the regrouped intercessions 'suit l'exemple de la tradition antiochienne' while the epiclesis stays Roman, before the institution narrative. Alexandria is named twice (p. 150, on where the epiclesis and intercessions fall); Basil is never named anywhere in the fascicle, so the Basil-Alexandria genealogy of Prayer IV is scholarly, not the Holy See's. p. 151: 'une seule anaphore ne peut contenir toute la richesse pastorale, spirituelle et théologique souhaitable', and every Church but Rome's has always had several; p. 150, the supplication that the Father make the bread and wine the Body and Blood of Christ, and p. 152, 'l'épiclèse consécratoire, c'est-à-dire … la supplication adressée au Père'; p. 153, 'Elles restent néanmoins de style romain'
26. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, “Pontificalis Romani recognitio (apostolic constitution, 18 June 1968), with its presentation”, Notitiae 4 (1968), 1968, p. 210 (presentation from p. 209), p. 210. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read and pinned to Notitiae 4 (1968) 210: the prayer drawn from the Traditio Apostolica was used in 1968 for the BISHOP'S consecratory prayer, not for Eucharistic Prayer II
27. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “Memoriale Domini (instruction on the manner of distributing Communion, 29 May 1969)”, Acta Apostolicae Sedis 61 (1969), 1969, pp. 541-545 (the indult letter follows at pp. 546-547), AAS 61, 544–545; AAS 61, 545. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · AAS pages read: the bishops' vote at p. 544 (567 placet, 1,233 non placet, 315 placet iuxta modum, 20 invalid) and the concession clause; the instruction ends at p. 545 and the separate indult letter begins at p. 546. p. 545: 'Summo Pontifici non est visum modum iamdiu receptum sacrae Communionis fidelibus ministrandae immutare'; 'Sicubi vero contrarius usus … iam invaluerit'
28. Primary textOttaviani, Alfredo, and Antonio Bacci, Cardinals, Letter to Paul VI (25 September 1969), with A Brief Critical Study of the New Order of Mass, 1969, letter §1, Study §II; letter §1; Study §§III–IV; Study §II. LinkVerified 2026-09-16 · archive.org English text (circulated by the Society of St Pius X; treat as in copyright, quote 25 words or fewer), read: letter §1, the Novus Ordo 'represents, both as a whole and in its details, a striking departure from the Catholic theology of the Mass as it was formulated in Session XXII of the Council of Trent'; Study §II, 'The definition of the Mass is thus limited to that of a "supper"'; §III.1, the end of praise to the Trinity 'has disappeared from the Offertory, with the disappearance of the prayer Suscipe, Sancta Trinitas'; §IV, 'The explicit mention of the object of the offering, which was found in the Suscipe, has not been replaced by anything'. The letter §1 says the study is the work of 'a group of theologians, liturgists and pastors of souls'
29. Magisterial / canonical“Il nuovo «Ordo Missae» e l'ortodossia (Studia)”, Notitiae 6 (1970), 1970, pp. 68-69, p. 68. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read in Notitiae-051-1970 at the published locator: the article quotes the 1969 wording of article 7 at the foot of p. 68. It is Notitiae's Studia report of Vagaggini's reply in Rivista del Clero italiano n. 12 (Dec 1969) 688-699, not the Congregation answering, and is distinct from the Declaratio of 18 November 1969
30. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “Declaratio on the Institutio generalis Missalis Romani (18 November 1969)”, Notitiae 5 (1969), 1969, pp. 417-418, Notitiae 5, 417–418; Notitiae 5, 417. LinkVerified 2026-09-16 · cultodivino.va PDF, read: p. 417, in the unsigned introductory note printed above the declaration: 'conclamata dubia et criticas animadversiones circa doctrinam, quam «Institutio» praebet, omni fundamento prorsus carere'. The declaration proper, dated 18 November 1969 and signed by Gut and Bugnini (pp. 417-418): the Institutio 'censenda non est documentum doctrinale seu dogmaticum, sed instructio pastoralis atque ritualis'; it 'fideliter resumit et ad rem adducit principia doctrinalia' of Sacrosanctum Concilium, Mysterium fidei and Eucharisticum mysterium (p. 417); and 'si quae locutiones clariores erunt faciendae, quibus aptius intelligentiae pastorali et catecheticae atque perfectioni rubricali prospiciatur, id Apostolica Sedes exsequendum curabit' (pp. 417-418)
31. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “Variationes in «Institutionem generalem Missalis romani» inductae”, Notitiae 6 (1970), 1970, pp. 177-193 (art. 7 at pp. 177-178), p. 177; p. 178; pp. 177–178. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read: the recast article 7, with 'Hic numerus 7 totus refectus est' and 'repraesentatio simpliciter in memoriam vel symbolica omnino excluditur' (p. 178). The introduction, p. 177: after examination 'nec ullus deprehensus est error doctrinalis', yet the text was completed or rewritten here and there 'ad clariores reddendas quasdam locutiones', citing the Declaratio of 18 Nov 1969. p. 178: the new text of art. 7 ('personamque Christi gerente', 'seu sacrificium eucharisticum', Christ present 'substantialiter et continenter sub speciebus eucharisticis'); p. 177, 'Ante omnia peculiaris attentio data est n. 7, de quo plura scripta sunt'; 'Hic numerus 7 totus refectus est, ut clarius appareant illae veritates, quae a divina revelatione, Ecclesiae traditione et magisterio, semper propositae sunt et directe respiciunt mysterium eucharisticum: nempe veritas sacrificii, natura sacramentalis sacerdotii ministerialis et realis praesentia'; the article 'integram definitionem doctrinalem Missae colligere non intendit', and no longer begins 'Cena dominica sive Missa est sacra synaxis'
32. Magisterial / canonicalSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, “Preces eucharisticae pro Missis cum pueris et de reconciliatione (1 November 1974)”, Notitiae 11 (1975), 1975, pp. 4-6, Notitiae 11, 4–5; Notitiae 11, 4. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: approved ad experimentum by Paul VI's decision of 26 October 1974, with the mandates of 23 and 29 October 1973, and the express bar 'Textus tamen in editiones officiales Missalis Romani inseri nequeunt'
33. Magisterial / canonicalConsilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de sacra Liturgia, “Comme le prévoit (instruction on the translation of liturgical texts, 25 January 1969)”, Notitiae 5 (1969), 1969, pp. 3-12, §§6, 12. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · French text read: §6, 'il ne suffit pas … d'exprimer dans une autre langue le contenu littéral et les idées du texte original', and §12, that 'parfois' (sometimes) the unit of meaning is the whole sentence, not the word. The phrase 'dynamic equivalence' (equivalence dynamique) does not occur in the instruction, though the word 'equivalences' does, at §28
34. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Liturgiam authenticam (fifth instruction on the vernacular, 28 March 2001), 2001, §20. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · EN and LA read on vatican.va: §20, the original text is to be 'translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions'. The instruction never names Comme le prevoit (checked)
35. Primary textConsilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de sacra Liturgia, Notitiae 4 (1968), no. 40: the new Eucharistic Prayers, 1968, p. 157; pp. 157–158. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · cultodivino.va PDF: the presentation of the prayers ('elle s'inspire de l'anaphore d'Hippolyte'), p. 153; the decree, Prot. R. 26/967, 23 May 1968, p. 156; the norms ('Canon Romanus, qui semper adhiberi potest'), pp. 157-159
36. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, Laudis canticum (apostolic constitution promulgating the Liturgia Horarum, 1 November 1970), 1970. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Latin read on vatican.va
37. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, “Decree Prot. N. 551/00/L promulgating the Martyrologium Romanum, editio typica (29 June 2001)”, Notitiae 37 (2001), 2001, pp. 309-310 (the Praenotanda begin at p. 311), pp. 309–310. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Notitiae PDF read: the decree at pp. 309-310
38. Primary textSacred Congregation for Divine Worship, Notitiae 5 (1969), no. 46: the new Ordo Missae and General Instruction, 1969, pp. 148–149. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · cultodivino.va PDF: p. 140, Paul VI's consistory address of 28 April 1969, the new altar book and the other liturgical books 'post diligens studium, a Consilio ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia recogniti sunt' (re-read 2026-09-18); p. 148, the prayers at the foot of the altar suppressed and the offertory, 'mai toccato nelle precedenti riforme', reordered; p. 149, 'Benedictus es, Domine, Deus universi' and the embolism 'abbreviato e senza i nomi dei Santi'; the Ordo 'il punto di arrivo della riforma della Messa, dopo le tappe intermedie', p. 148; 'in modo da non anticipare la vera offerta del sacrificio', p. 149; re-read 2026-09-16: p. 148 'viene ora riordinato in modo da rispondere meglio al suo vero significato'; p. 149 'che sarà fatta nel Canone', and 'espressioni di benedizione tradizionali nella Bibbia'
39. Magisterial / canonicalCongregatio pro Cultu Divino, “Decree Zairensium Dioecesium (Prot. 1520/85), 30 April 1988, with J. Evenou's presentation”, Notitiae 24 (1988), no. 264, 1988, pp. 454-457, p. 457. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · PDF read: 'libenter approbat seu confirmat'; 'servata tamen substantiali ritus Romani unitate' (p. 457); Evenou: the 'Missel Romain pour les diocèses du Zaïre' 'a été approuvé le 30 avril dernier par la Congrégation pour le Culte divin' (p. 454)
40. ReferenceUSCCB Committee on Divine Worship, “Holy See Confirms Divine Worship: The Missal for Ordinariates”, Committee on Divine Worship Newsletter, October 2015, 2015, pp. 37-39, pp. 37–38. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · PDF read: the three Ordinariates named (Walsingham; Chair of St Peter; Our Lady of the Southern Cross); 'seems to deliberately avoid the use of terms like "Anglican Use"'; the General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM) printed in the Missal's front matter; re-read 2026-09-17: p. 37 'In May 2015, the Holy See subsequently approved the second book, Divine Worship: The Missal', its use 'beginning on the First Sunday of Advent', the 2014 Divine Worship: Occasional Services 'containing rituals for baptisms, weddings, and funerals', and 'according to the usual stipulations, may receive Holy Communion'; p. 38 'several traditional Anglican elements', 'the placement of the Penitential Rite after the Liturgy of the Word', and The English Missal and The Anglican Missal as 'essentially translations of the traditional Roman Missal', prepared by Anglicans for use in 'high Anglican' services; p. 39 'Prayer Book English' and the Prayer of Humble Access 'said by the priest and congregation just after the Agnus Dei'
41. Magisterial / canonicalBenedict XVI, Summorum Pontificum, 2007, art. 1. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · art. 1 read in Latin on vatican.va: 'duo usus unici ritus romani'; 'formam extraordinariam'; the preamble read in Latin and English: 'libros liturgicos instauratos et partim innovatos' / 'revised and in part renewed', and John Paul II 'approved the third typical edition'
42. Magisterial / canonicalBenedict XVI, Letter to the Bishops on the occasion of the publication of Summorum Pontificum, 2007. LinkVerified 2026-09-14 · read on vatican.va: 'Forma ordinaria'; 'Forma extraordinaria'; 'the new Missal will certainly remain the ordinary Form of the Roman Rite'; also 'There is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman Missal' and 'In the history of the liturgy there is growth and progress, but no rupture'
43. Magisterial / canonicalLeo XIV, Letter to Cardinal Arthur Roche for the Liturgical Conference at Mount Angel Abbey (29 June 2026), 2026. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read on vatican.va: 'we must emphasize the need for fidelity to the approved texts and instructions'; no mention of the Missal of 1962; re-read 2026-09-16: 'the respect that all those called to prepare the celebration of the divine mysteries, and priests in particular, must show toward the rites promulgated by Pope Saint Paul VI and Pope Saint John Paul II'
44. ReferenceSarah, Robert, Cardinal, Towards an Authentic Implementation of Sacrosanctum Concilium (address, Sacra Liturgia UK, London, 5 July 2016), 2016. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · the full text as published by Catholic World Report, read; the address is not on vatican.va. In copyright: quote 25 words or fewer. Priest and people 'Eastwards or at least towards the apse' and 'when we are addressing God'; 'It is perfectly legitimate in the modern rite'; he suggested the First Sunday of Advent
45. Primary textHoly See Press Office, Alcuni chiarimenti sulla celebrazione della Messa (11 July 2016), 2016. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · Italian original and the official English read: no new liturgical directives are to take effect from Advent, and GIRM 299 stands as it is. Official English: 'Cardinal Sarah has always been rightly concerned about the dignity of the celebration of Mass'; 'as some have incorrectly inferred from some of Cardinal Sarah's words'; 'it is better to avoid using the expression "reform of the reform"'; 'unanimously expressed during a recent audience granted by the Pope to the same Cardinal Prefect'
46. Magisterial / canonicalCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Decree of confirmation of the English translation of the General Instruction of the Roman Missal (Prot. N. 2235/02/L, 17 March 2003), 2003. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read in the front matter of the US GIRM: the confirmation of the English translation with the adaptations approved for the dioceses of the United States
47. Magisterial / canonicalPaul VI, Udienza generale, 19 novembre 1969. LinkVerified 2026-09-13 · vatican.va (IT): 'esso è dovuto ad una volontà espressa dal Concilio'; 'è un atto di obbedienza; è un fatto di coerenza della Chiesa con se stessa'; 'Non è un arbitrio'; 'è un passo in avanti della sua tradizione autentica'; 'nulla è mutato nella sostanza della nostra Messa tradizionale'; re-read 2026-09-16: 'nuovo rito della Messa. La Messa sarà celebrata in una forma alquanto differente'. English glosses are ours
48. Magisterial / canonicalBenedict XVI, Letter to Archbishop Robert Zollitsch on pro multis (14 April 2012), 2012. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · EN and DE read on vatican.va, including his own statement of the objection he answers: 'a consensus among exegetes' that 'many' in Is 53:11f. means 'all', which 'has collapsed in the meantime'; 'in order to express unequivocally, in the sense willed by Jesus, the universality of the salvation that he brought'; 'a well-founded interpretation then as now, but an interpretation nevertheless'; 'shifted the focus back onto the principle of literal equivalence, without of course requiring a one-sided verbalism'; 'did Christ not die for all? Has the Church changed her teaching?'; 'Prior catechesis is the essential condition'; 'the man for all men, the new Adam, is one of the fundamental convictions of our faith'; 'out of deference for Jesus' own words'
49. Magisterial / canonicalArinze, Francis, Cardinal, Letter on the translation of pro multis (Prot. no. 467/05/L, 17 October 2006), 2006. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · read: the validity of Masses celebrated with 'for all' is not in doubt, and 'for many' is the faithful rendering to be used in new translations
50. ScholarshipPristas, Lauren, “The Orations of the Vatican II Missal: Policies for Revision”, Communio: International Catholic Review, 2003, vol. 30, pp. 621-653, p. 652. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · the publisher's PDF, read: 'never before have reformers freely altered the texts of orations', p. 652
51. ScholarshipHazell, Matthew P., “"All the Elements of the Roman Rite"? Mythbusting, Part II”, New Liturgical Movement, 2021, October 2021. LinkVerified 2026-09-15 · the article and its PDF tables, read: 1,273 orations (prefaces, hymns and sequences excluded); 165 (13.0%) identical; 307 (24.1%) edited; 669 (52.6%) not used; 463 (36.4%) identical or edited, nine prayers being in both lists; 206 (16.2%) centonised; the base is the Missal of 1951 (1,191) with the 82 orations added by 1962, 'not exactly representative of the 1962 Missal' (n. 4); 'more often than not, the changes made by the Consilium are entirely novel, with no basis in the manuscript tradition'